Itochu Archives - Rudlin Consulting

The fourth industrial revolution should not be mercantilized

UK is the birthplace of innovation and will not sink, despite Brexit, says Toru Sugawara, the deputy editor of the Nikkei Business magazine – Japan’s equivalent of The Economist (only with more business, less economy).

He acknowledges that Brexit is casting a shadow on the world economy, and that the problems will not end just with an extension, as the negotiations will drag on, unless the result of the referendum is reversed.

He points to how employment remains buoyant in the UK, despite GDP growth being the lowest in 6 years, and says that this could be because immigration from the EU is decreasing – which was one of the reasons people voted to leave. He does not mention that net immigration has not dropped, as more people are coming from non-EU countries. So unless you believe that EU immigrants only have jobs which UK natives could do, and non-EU immigrants only do jobs that UK natives couldn’t do…

He believes the UK’s resilience derives from an inner strength which helped it to lead the industrial revolution as the “birthplace of innovation.” Because the UK has worldclass universities “UK research levels are extremely high. Even if they leave the EU, there are researchers who want to learn from the UK” – according to an engineer from a major Japanese electronics company.

The UK is similar to Japan, Sugawara notes, in that neither was able to match Silicon Valley in terms of being able to turn innovations into world changing businesses. He thinks the UK is changing, however, dating from when the British Business Bank launched in 2014, bringing together various funds for startups and small businesses and also the introduction of the regulatory sandbox, to allow new kinds of financial services to test their products.

Venture capital funding in the UK in 2018 was $7.9bn, double that of Germany or France (although what he doesn’t say is that this was down from a high of $8.1bn the previous year, and that Germany and France seem to be catching up) . Dr Yuri Okina of the Japan Research Institute points out that the UK’s strength is that as well as having the world’s financial centre, there is a rich source of accountants, lawyers, consultants and other specialists who support an ecosystem for new business.

If this network could be boosted further, then the UK could lead the 4th wave of the industrial revolution, asserts Sugawara. He warns that Japan, who puts its funds into propping up zombie companies, with regulatory systems that impede new industries from growing, will get left behind. “That’s the bigger worry” he concludes.

So he seems to be turning an encouraging pat on the back for the UK into a kick up the backside for Japan. What he says is not going to be news to many Japanese companies, who have reacted to the difficulties they face in Japan by investing in the UK (and elsewhere in Europe). Sugawara mentions SoftBank‘s acquisition of the UK’s ARM, but there have been plenty of other less spectacular investments. Much of it has to do with CASE (Connected, Autonomous, Shared, Electric) in the automotive industry – Sony Innovation has invested in What3Words (a geocoding system) – also invested in by Daimler. Itochu has invested in Hiyacar and I realise now that its acquisition of UK car repair chain KwikFit probably also fits into this automotive services play. Similarly Sumitomo Corporation has invested in the Nordic parking company Q-Park and Sweden’s car sharing service Aimo. Japan’s Park24 acquiring National Car Parks in the UK is probably also looking to a CASE future. Panasonic acquired Spanish automotive systems and parts company Ficosa in 2017.

So really, it’s not about any one country leading the fourth industrial revolution – it will be collaborative and global by its very nature. Both Japan and the UK need to keep their doors as wide open as possible to let everyone get on the ride.

For more content like this, subscribe to the free Rudlin Consulting Newsletter. 最新の在欧日系企業の状況については無料の月刊Rudlin Consulting ニューズレターにご登録ください。

Japan’s megabanks lose popularity with Japanese graduate hires

It’s not surprising that Mizuho, one of Japan’s megabanks, has fallen in popularity from the top spot for 2018 new recruits to #17 for those graduates aiming to join in 2019, according to recruitment agency Disco. As previously blogged, Mizuho’s former president, now chairman, Yasuhiro Sato has been very clear that the bank should lose around 30% of its workforce globally, through greater use of information technology, and yes, AI. His successor Tatsufumi Sakai shows no signs of reversing this.

The other megabanks have fallen less dramatically out of favour, from #2 to #4 in the case of MUFG (dropping the Tokyo from Bank of Tokyo-Mitsubishi UFJ as of April 1) and from #5 to #14 in the case of Sumitomo Mitsui Banking Corporation.

Japan’s airlines JAL and ANA have stayed in the top 5, at #1 and #3 respectively. Perennial favourites, the trading companies Itochu and Mitsubishi Corp have also gained popularity, up from #7 to #2 and #9 to #6 respectively.

Manufacturers such as Toyota (#5 from #12), Sony (#11 from #31) and Denso (#19 from #33) have become more attractive, as graduates realise that the Internet of Things means traditional companies are now moving into more innovative IT related areas.

Japanese graduates who have studied at foreign universities favour foreign companies operating in Japan such as Procter & Gamble, Google and Amazon, or management consultancies, whereas no foreign owned company is in the top 10 for domestically educated Japanese graduates.

You have to have (octopus) balls in Osaka

Vorkers, the Japanese equivalent to Glassdoor, an online site where employees rate their employers, has just announced its annual rankings of companies in Japan where employees are most engaged. Diamond magazine has analysed the rankings from the point of view of the regional cultures in Japan. As noted in a previous post, regional cultures are strong in Japan, and have an impact on corporate cultures.

Diamond magazine notes that Osaka companies are prominent in the top 5 – namely Suntory at #2 and Itochu at #4. Both have over a hundred year history as Kansai region “merchant” companies and Diamond says this “yatte minahare” (Osaka dialect for “go for it” or translated by Suntory as “follow your nature”) spirit is still evident in the employee comments. If you like a challenge in your work, these are the kind of companies to join. “You might get told off by your boss for not doing something, but you don’t get told off if you tried to do something and couldn’t” says one female employee in planning.

Brother, at #15, has its headquarters in Nagoya, the capital of the Midlands of Japan, where many automotive companies are also based. Founded in 1908, initially as a machine repair workshop, Brother is now most famous for its printers. 80% of its sales are overseas.

Brother employees say that “there has been a big change over the past 5 years. Overseas travel and secondment is positively encouraged. It’s the best place for someone who wants to work globally.” (Male, product development). “Fundamentally the bosses and my seniors are mostly good people. There is a culture of using surname-san (rather than more formal job titles – see our post on this) and therefore there is not such a formal atmosphere” (female, sales)

As for the newer companies, one to look out for is Uzabase at #33. It was founded 10 years ago and provides platforms for business intelligence such as NewsPicks. Employees rate it highly for allowing individual freedom and responsibility.

These are not characteristics traditionally thought to be sought by Japanese employees or prevalent in Japanese companies. Diamond says the comments on Vorkers show employees praise their companies for developing them as individuals, to allow them to take up all kinds of challenges and forgive mistakes. This is a sign of how the Japanese workplace will need to be when most jobs can be done on a computer, now that overtime is being cracked down on and productivity is being emphasised, to enable both the company and its employees to grow.

Japanese top executive pay still low, unless you’re foreign – or selling wigs or pachinko machines

I often illustrate that Japanese companies are the “last functioning socialist organisations” in my seminars by pointing out that although they are very hierarchical, the top executives of Japanese companies only earn 10 or 20 times the average employee’s salary, compared to 160 times in the UK for FTSE 100 companies and more than 300 times in the USA for Fortune 100 companies.

Toyo Keizai have confirmed that this multiple still holds, by listing the highest pay differentials for TSE listed companies. The top 10 include new technology companies such as LINE (mobile apps subsidiary of Korean internet company Naver) at #1 with a multiple of 165 between staff and director salaries and Nexon (Korean owned video games company) at #2 with a multiple of 57.7 as well as founder run companies such as Fast Retailing (Uniqlo) at #3, with a multiple of 31.4.

Foreign executives head up Nissan at #4 and Takeda at #5 – both with multiples of just over 29. The rest of the top 10 are around the 20-25 x mark with Sankyo and Universal Entertainment – both pachinko gambling machine companies at #6 and #8 and Art Nature ( a wig manufacturer) at #7. Electronics company Tokyo Electron and chain restaurant company Skylark (Chairman Ralph Alvarez ex President McDonalds) at #9 and #10.

Toyota is at #14 and after #15, multiples are below 20 and cluster around the 10x mark for established companies that are in our European Top 30 such as Sony, Daikin, Panasonic, Itochu, Astellas – through to Canon bunched with 8 others at the bottom of the Top 500 with a multiple of around 6 between employees and directors.

Japan’s megabanks most popular with Japanese graduates, electronics companies making a comeback

Japanese companies’ investment in their brand marketing, particularly their websites, may have more to do with attracting graduates from Japanese universities than attracting new customers in my experience. Given that lifetime employment is still crucial to the big traditional companies (and still something many graduates aspire to), this is not surprising.

So Toyo Keizai’s survey of how the current graduate job seekers in Japan rate potential employers at the beginning and end of the recruitment process is a good indicator of the health of the brand and how well it was communicated to the job seekers. This year the megabanks such as Mizuho (#1) and MUFG (#3) are still in the Top 3 most highly rated employers even after the recruitment process, along with travel sector companies like ANA, JAL and JTB. Other financial services companies like Nomura, Daiwa and Sompo are also in the top 10 with the other megabank, SMBC at #11. This is much in line with the previous years’ graduates’ rankings.

Toyo Keizai notes that food and beverage companies seem to be increasing in popularity – Morinaga, Kagome and Kikkoman have all become more popular during the process and compared to last year. Other major companies whose ratings improved dramatically over the recruitment process (so people got to like them once they met them) and are also more highly rated this year than by the previous year’s graduates include Panasonic (up to #39 from #156 last year at the beginning of the process), Mitsubishi Electric (#41 from #154) and Toyota (#35 from #57) and Fujitsu (#47 from #210).

Trading companies such as Mitsubishi Corp, Mitsui, Sumitomo Corp and Itochu whilst still in the top 50, seem to have lost popularity compared to last year.

Why work for a Japanese company? (#1) Corporate Social Responsibility

For most Japanese companies, despite recent changes to corporate governance and the occasional scandal, the main motivation is the long term survival of the firm, not shareholder value maximisation.

Obviously you have to make some money to invest back into the company to survive, but above all longevity means being a good citizen in the environment and communities you operate in. There are some exceptions to this of course, but by and large, Japanese companies are pretty sincere about corporate social responsibility, to the point where I used to joke when I worked in corporate communications in a Japanese IT company, that if we didn’t watch out, our mission statement would be identical to every other Japanese technology company’s mission statement as it could be summarised as “contributing to society through innovation”.

So if you are looking to work for a company that will be supportive of your wish to make a positive contribution to society, then you may find Japanese companies congenial places to work.

Some are more active in CSR than others, so when Toyo Keizai has published its latest rankings by industry, we matched these to our Top 30 Europe, UK and Germany largest Japanese employers rankings and put them in rank order as below.

As Toyo Keizai points out, it is easier for manufacturers to score highly in their CSR rankings, which is why they dominate the top 50 overall, and also why Toyo Keizai publishes rankings by industry, to ensure like for like comparisons are made. Banking and financial services are not included in their analysis. Toyo Keizai explains its scoring system (in Japanese) here. It has around 150 criteria, across the categories of diversity (gender, age, disability), environment, corporate governance and social contribution.

Fujifilm – #1 overall and #1 in pulp/paper/chemicals
Canon #4 overall and #1 in electronics and fine engineering
Denso #8 overall and #1 in automotive
Ricoh #9 overall and #3 in electronics and fine engineering
Konica Minolta #12 overall and #4 in electronics and fine engineering
Honda #14 overall and #2 in automotive
Nissan #17 overall and #3 in automotive
Daiichi Sankyo #25 overall and #1 in pharmaceuticals
Toyota #28 overall and #4 in automotive
Fujitsu #30 overall and #9 in electronics and fine engineering
Astellas #34 overall and #2 in pharmaceuticals
Sumitomo Rubber 36th overall and #2 in oil/rubber/glass/ceramics
Mitsubishi Corporation #42 overall and #1 among trading companies
Lixil 44th overall and #1 in metal products
Sony #45 overall and #12 in electronics and fine engineering
Nidec #49 overall and #13 in electronics and fine engineering
Takeda #50 overall and #4 in pharmaceuticals
Sumitomo Electric Industries #52 overall and #2 in metal products
Itochu #55 overall and #2 among trading companies
Panasonic #57 overall and #15 in electronics and fine engineering
NYK #58 overall and #1 in logistics
Japan Tobacco 60th overall, 3rd amongst food companies
Brother Industries #71 overall and #16 in electronics and fine engineering
Sumitomo Corporation – #73 overall and #3 amongst trading companies
NTT Data #75 overall and #4 in telecommunications
Olympus #84 overall and #17 in electronics and fine engineering
Dentsu #95 overall and #2 out of service sector companies
Sumitomo Heavy Industries #138 overall and #11 amongst machinery companies
Calsonic Kansei #138 overall and #18 in automotive
Fast Retailing (Uniqlo) #531 overall and #19 out of 20 amongst retailers

Size matters when choosing a Japanese company

Whether you’re looking to work for or supply to a Japanese company, size matters. The most obvious reason being, as bank robber Willie Sutton apparently never said, “that’s where the money is”. That’s why we started our Top 30 Japanese Employers rankings – we’ve found them useful in understanding our customer base and the likely concerns of participants in our seminars.

We use the number of employees as a proxy for size rather than turnover or profit, and although there is a degree of correlation between employee numbers globally and in Europe and overall profit, there are some exceptions.

Toyo Keizai have recently listed up the companies* who made the biggest cumulative profit in the past 10 years and it’s absolutely no surprise that Toyota, one of the biggest companies in Japan and #9 amongst Japanese companies in Europe, made a whopping Y11 trillion ($99bn) cumulative profit from 2007 to 2017, far outstripping NTT and NTT Docomo at #2 and #3 who made less than half that amount. NTT and NTT Docomo are not in our Top 30 Japanese companies in Europe, although another group company, NTT Data, is.

However NTT and NTT Docomo never made a loss, whereas Toyota did go into the red – with a loss of $.8.6bn in 2008/9. Honda, who has had a tough time in Europe (and is #23 in our rankings), has also never made a loss, and accumulated a $36bn profit over the decade. Nissan, who made a loss but was famously turned round by Carlos Ghosn, is 10th largest in Europe in our rankings and has the 6th largest cumulative profit.

I was surprised to see my old employer Mitsubishi Corporation at #5, as they too had some rough patches particularly with losses in the commodity side, but clearly overall the Japanese trading companies have been very profitable, despite their death being heralded every decade – Mitsui is at #9, Itochu at #11, Sumitomo Corp at #14 and Marubeni at #21.

Unsurprisingly, almost none of the Japanese electronics companies feature in the top 30, apart from Canon at #10 and Mitsubishi Electric at #25. Other industries in the top 50 most profitable are automotive (Denso, Bridgestone) and pharmaceutical (Takeda, Astellas) related, and also heavily domestic businesses such as telecommunications (KDDI, SoftBank as well as NTT mentioned above), rail and retail (7&I, Fast Retailing).

Two of the largest Japanese companies in Europe – Fujitsu and Hitachi – are at #69 and #70 – Hitachi’s cumulative profit was heavily dented by the historic loss of $8bn in 2008/9. The largest company in the Europe and Africa region – Sumitomo Electric Industries (due to its labour intensive automotive manufacturing operations) is at #38, with a $6bn cumulative profit.

*Excludes banks, insurance and other financial services companies

Japanese automotive companies represent 1/3 of top 30 Japanese employers in the UK

Fujitsu continues to be the largest Japanese employer in the UK despite recent restructuring. We’ve added Sumitomo Rubber to the list, following its recent acquisition of UK tyre wholesaler and retailer Micheldever. Along with Kwik Fit, another UK tyre dealer and car servicing company is owned by Itochu at #3, this means that over a third of the companies in the list are automotive or have a substantial automotive component to their business.

We’ve also revised upwards our estimate of the total number of Mitsubishi Corporation employees, having confirmed from various sources that its main subsidiary in the UK, Princes, the foods company, has around 3000 of its 8000 employees in its UK operations.

The top 30 now cover around 80,000 of the 140,000 employees that Japanese companies in the UK employ. Individual profiles of each company, including trends in employment, regional headquarters, European organisation and CSR and diversity analyses are available – please contact pernille dot rudlinrudlinconsulting dot com

Rank	Company	UK employees 2016
1	Fujitsu	9,905
2	Nissan	7,657
3	Itochu	6,697
4	Honda	4,565
5	Ricoh	3,702
6	Mitsubishi Corp	3,482
7	Hitachi	3,317
8	Toyota	3,233
9	Sony	2,937
10	Canon	2,744
11	Dentsu	2,571
12	Nomura	2,468
13	NSG	2,167
14	Mitsubishi UFJ Financial Goup	2,100
15	Denso	1,925
16	NYK Group	1,919
17	Mitsui Sumitomo & Aioi Nissay Dowa	1,867
18	Yazaki	1,846
19	Calsonic Kansei	1,729
20	SoftBank	1,700
21	Sumitomo Rubber	1,574
22	JT Group	1,473
23	Sumitomo Corporation	1,366
24	Fujifilm Holdings	1,292
25	Brother Industries	1,174
26	Olympus	1,157
27	Fast Retailing	1,100
28	Unipres	1,095
29	Konica Minolta	1,055
30	NSK	866
TOTAL		80,683

The story of Japanese companies in the UK continues to be the story of the UK economy overall in 2016

The number of people employed in the UK by the biggest Japanese companies in the UK rose by around 1% to 76,103 in 2016 – representing over half of the 140,000 or so the Japanese Embassy to the UK estimates are employed overall in the UK by Japanese companies.

Just as 80% of the UK economy is services, so too with Japanese companies in the UK. Although Nissan, Toyota and Honda attract most of the headlines thanks to Brexit – understandably as they represent around 15,000 of the 76,000 jobs – the vast majority of the rest are in the services sector.

Even Sony has only one small factory left in the UK, making high end audio visual equipment and employing less than 100 people. The rest of 3000 or so jobs are in Sony Interactive Entertainment, music and film & TV or in marketing.

Fujitsu is still the biggest Japanese employer in the UK but the gap with Nissan at #2 is narrowing, as Fujitsu have reduced their headcount by over 15% in the past year or so. Although Fujitsu is still seen as an IT & telecomms manufacturer in Japan, in the UK it is largely an IT services company.

Trading company Itochu may be a surprise at #3, but this is largely due to its ownership of tyre fitting chain KwikFit.

The Hitachi group of companies (#7) has grown by 17% over the year – thanks in part to expansion at Hitachi Rail and Horizon Nuclear Power – but the bulk of its employees continue to be at consumer loans company Hitachi Capital.

Dentsu Aegis Network, part of the Dentsu advertising agency, has continued to acquire across the UK and Europe, resulting in a 21% increase in headcount. Other notable increases thanks to acquisitions include Mitsui Sumitomo & Aioi Nissay Dowa acquiring Lloyds underwriters Amlin and of course Softbank, a new entrant to the top 30, with its acquisition of ARM.

The story of Japanese companies in the UK continues to be the story of the UK economy overall – a trend which will no doubt continue in 2017, with Japanese banks already strengthening and relocating to their other European Union based operations, or threatening to do so.

Customised reports, profiles and other research on the Top 30 largest Japanese companies in Europe, Middle East and Africa are available – please contact pernillerudlinrudlinconsultingcom for further details.

Free pdf of Top 30 largest Japanese employers in UK

FREE DOWNLOAD

Send download link to:

What Japanese banks, trading companies look for in graduate hiring

The graduate hiring process in Japan reaches a peak towards the end of the year, as the naitei (informal offers) from the big firms have mostly been issued, and the smaller firms and the unlucky graduates desperately try to find solace in each others’ arms. The process is meant to start in April, when students put on identical suits and attend countless company presentations and interviews, thereby pretty much wiping the final year out in terms of getting any studying done. Japan’s universities mostly function on the American credit system, so there is not the pressure of ‘finals’ as you get in British universities, however Japan’s academics regularly complain about the damage done to the educational experience by the system. There have been attempts to move the start date to August, so that students can do some studying in the first term, but unfortunately, with a shortage of skilled labour, it’s too tempting for most firms not to try to buck the system.

The Nikkei Business magazine ran a series in December to guide students through the process, explaining what financial services companies and trading companies are looking for and offering. I thought I would share it, as it gives a flavour of the corporate culture of these elite employers who are active outside Japan. I was interested to see how much better paid on average the trading companies’ recruits are than the financial services companies, and that a global mindset is mentioned regularly amongst the financial services, but not by the trading companies – presumably a global outlook is taken for granted.

In terms of overseas experience, the Nikkei says that some of the bigger banks send out several hundred people a year to overseas postings, and this is not just to support Japanese companies overseas, but increasingly to build business with local companies too. English ability is not compulsory, but likely to be offered as training after entry.

The image of trading company employees is that they have to be able to speak English, are strong drinkers and sporty. The trading companies themselves say English ability is not compulsory and there are even some naitei offers to people who don’t have a passport. However all trading companies point out that they usually expect one of the three rotations in the first 10 or so years to be overseas. The trading companies say it is not necessary to drink, but obviously it’s a bit awkward if your counterpart is a brewery. Sportiness is not actively sought, but it’s true that on campus recruitment by employees may well focus on students who were in the same club as them.

Bank of Tokyo-Mitsubishi UFJ

Offers naitei to 1300 graduates, starting salary is Y205,000 (around £1200) a month. Average salary of all employees is Y7.91m (around £46K). They are looking for healthy curiousity, and eagerness to take up challenges

Mizuho Financial Group

Offers naitei to 1920 graduates. Starting salary the same as BTMU. Average salary of all employees is Y7.38m (around £43K). They are looking for intellectual curiousity, a global mindset and dynamism.

Sumitomo Mitsui Banking

Offers naitei to 1800 graduates. Starting salary the same as BTMU and Mizuho. Average salary of all employees is Y8.79m (£51K). They are looking for people who are good at building relationships and have a global awareness.

Nomura

Offers naitei to 600 graduates. Starting salary is Y232,300 a month (£1350). Average salary of all employees is Y11.93m (£69K). They are looking for people with ambition, honesty and flexibility.

Daiwa

Offers naitei to around 690 graduates. Starting salary is Y240,000 a month (£1395). Average salary of all employees is Y10.02m (£58K). They are also looking for honesty but also a strong spirit of enquiry

Sompo Japan Nipponkoa

Offers naitei to around 750 graduates. Starting salary is Y237,860 a month (£1383). Average salary of all employees is Y6.6m (£38K). SJNK is looking for “ability to stand on your own feet”

Trading companies:

Itochu

Offers naitei to around 142 graduates (out of 7000 applications). Starting salary is Y240,000 (£1395). Average salary of all employees is Y13.95m (£81K). They are looking for honesty and optimism

Mitsubishi Corporation

Offers naitei to around 160 graduates (out of 6000 applications). Starting salary is the same as the other trading companies. Average salary of all employees is Y13.75m (£80K). They are looking for trustworthiness, strength and intellectual ability.

Mitsui

Offer naitei to around 120-150 graduates (out of 6000 applications). Same starting salary as the other trading companies. Average salary of all employees is Y13.61m (£79K). They are looking for intellectual curiosity, ambition, ability to develop yourself

Sumitomo Corporation

Offer naitei to around 130 graduates (out of 7000 applications). Same starting salary as the others. Average salary of all employees is Y13m (£76K). They are looking for ability to innovate, execute and collaborate

Marubeni

Offer naitei to around 122 graduates (out of 7700 applications). Same starting salary as the others. Average salary of all employees is Y13.06m (£76K). They are looking for people who stand up for themselves and don’t run away (!)

Last updated by Pernille Rudlin at 2021-10-15.

Itochu

Tag: Itochu